restructure + parser + readme updates

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Nicholas Orlowsky 2023-09-07 19:33:22 -04:00
parent c726e6cf28
commit b4265fe9c3
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10 changed files with 778 additions and 149 deletions

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...

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.PHONY: format .PHONY: format lint build build-release build-docker run debug
build: build:
g++ main.cpp -g -o anthracite g++ main.cpp -g -o anthracite
@ -10,7 +10,16 @@ build-docker:
docker build . -t anthracite docker build . -t anthracite
run: build run: build
./anthracite ./anthracite 8080
debug: build
gdb --args ./anthracite 8080
format: format:
clang-format *.cpp -i clang-format *.cpp -i
lint:
clang-tidy *.cpp
lint-fix:
clang-tidy *.cpp -fix -fix-errors

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# Anthracite # Anthracite
A web server written in C++ A simple web server written in C++
## Module-Based Backends
Anthracite includes a system for allowing different "backend modules" to handle requests.
This allows for anthracite to be extended for additional use-cases. For example, the following
backends could be implemented:
- File: Return files from a directory
- Reverse Proxy: Pass the request to another server
- Web Framework: Pass the request into an application built on your favorite web framework
## Building & Debugging
Once you have the repository cloned, you can run the following command to build Anthracite:
```shell
make build
```
It will create a binary file named `./anthracite`
To save time, you can use the following command to build and run anthracite on port `8080`:
```shell
make run
```
To save time again, you can use the following command to build and debug anthracite in gdb:
```shell
make debug
```
## Usage
Run the following commands to serve all files located in `./www/`:
```shell
./anthracite [PORT_NUMBER]
```
## Todo ## Todo
- [x] Serve HTML Pages - [x] Serve HTML Pages
- [x] Properly parse HTTP requests
- [x] Add module-based backend system for handling requests
- [ ] Cleanup (this one will never truly be done)
- [ ] Proper error handling
- [ ] Flesh out module-based backend system for handling requests
- [ ] Fix glaring security issues - [ ] Fix glaring security issues
- [ ] Better parsing & response generation - [ ] Faster parsing
- [ ] Multithreading - [ ] Multithreading
- [ ] Speed optimizations such as keepint the most visited html pages in memory - [ ] Speed optimizations such as keepint the most visited html pages in memory
- [ ] Cleanup codebase - [ ] Cleanup codebase
@ -15,3 +59,7 @@ A web server written in C++
![A picture of the default index.html page used by Anthracite](https://github.com/nickorlow/anthracite/blob/main/.screenshots/default-page.png?raw=true) ![A picture of the default index.html page used by Anthracite](https://github.com/nickorlow/anthracite/blob/main/.screenshots/default-page.png?raw=true)
![A picture of the Anthracite default 404 not found page](https://github.com/nickorlow/anthracite/blob/main/.screenshots/404-page.png?raw=true) ![A picture of the Anthracite default 404 not found page](https://github.com/nickorlow/anthracite/blob/main/.screenshots/404-page.png?raw=true)
---
_"By industry, we thrive"_

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#include "../http.cpp"
class backend {
public:
virtual http_response handle_request(http_request req) {};
};

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#include "backend.cpp"
class file_backend : public backend {
public:
http_response handle_request(http_request req) {
string filename = req.path() == "/" ? "index.html" : req.path();
filename = "./www/" + filename;
ifstream stream(filename);
int status = 200;
if (!stream.is_open()) {
status = 404;
filename = "./error_pages/404.html";
stream = ifstream(filename);
}
stringstream buffer;
buffer << stream.rdbuf();
return http_response(buffer.str(), status);
}
};

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<html>
<head><title>Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>500 - Internal Server Error</h1>
<hr>
<p>Anthracite/0.0.1</p>
<p><small>Created by Nicholas Orlowsky </small> - <a href="https://github.com/nickorlow/anthracite"><small>This is Open Source Software</small></a></p>
</center>
</body>
</html>

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#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <exception>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include "socket.cpp"
using namespace std;
constexpr int HTTP_HEADER_BYTES = 8190;
enum http_method {
GET,
POST,
DELETE,
PUT,
PATCH,
HEAD,
OPTIONS,
CONNECT,
TRACE,
COPY,
LINK,
UNLINK,
PURGE,
LOCK,
UNLOCK,
PROPFIND,
VIEW,
UNKNOWN
};
static unordered_map<string, http_method> const http_method_map = {
{ "GET", http_method::GET },
{ "POST", http_method::POST },
{ "DELETE", http_method::DELETE },
{ "PUT", http_method::PUT },
{ "PATCH", http_method::PATCH },
{ "HEAD", http_method::HEAD },
{ "OPTIONS", http_method::OPTIONS },
{ "CONNECT", http_method::CONNECT },
{ "TRACE", http_method::TRACE },
{ "COPY", http_method::COPY },
{ "LINK", http_method::LINK },
{ "UNLINK", http_method::UNLINK },
{ "PURGE", http_method::PURGE },
{ "LOCK", http_method::LOCK },
{ "UNLOCK", http_method::UNLOCK },
{ "PROPFIND", http_method::PROPFIND },
{ "VIEW", http_method::VIEW },
{ "UNKNOWN", http_method::UNKNOWN }
};
static unordered_map<http_method, string> const http_reverse_method_map = {
{ http_method::GET, "GET" },
{ http_method::POST, "POST" },
{ http_method::DELETE, "DELETE" },
{ http_method::PUT, "PUT" },
{ http_method::PATCH, "PATCH" },
{ http_method::HEAD, "HEAD" },
{ http_method::OPTIONS, "OPTIONS" },
{ http_method::CONNECT, "CONNECT" },
{ http_method::TRACE, "TRACE" },
{ http_method::COPY, "COPY" },
{ http_method::LINK, "LINK" },
{ http_method::UNLINK, "UNLINK" },
{ http_method::PURGE, "PURGE" },
{ http_method::LOCK, "LOCK" },
{ http_method::UNLOCK, "UNLOCK" },
{ http_method::PROPFIND, "PROPFIND" },
{ http_method::VIEW, "VIEW" },
{ http_method::UNKNOWN, "UNKNOWN" }
};
static unordered_map<int, string> const http_status_map = {
{ 100, "CONTINUE" },
{ 101, "SWITCHING PROTOCOLS" },
{ 200, "OK" },
{ 201, "CREATED" },
{ 202, "ACCEPTED" },
{ 203, "NON-AUTHORITATIVE INFORMATION" },
{ 204, "NO CONTENT" },
{ 205, "RESET CONTENT" },
{ 206, "PARTIAL CONTENT" },
{ 300, "MULTIPLE CHOICES" },
{ 301, "MOVED PERMANENTLY" },
{ 302, "FOUND" },
{ 303, "SEE OTHER" },
{ 304, "NOT MODIFIED" },
{ 305, "USE PROXY" },
{ 307, "TEMPORARY REDIRECT" },
{ 400, "BAD REQUEST" },
{ 401, "UNAUTHORIZED" },
{ 402, "PAYMENT REQUIRED" },
{ 403, "FORBIDDEN" },
{ 404, "NOT FOUND" },
{ 405, "METHOD NOT ALLOWED" },
{ 406, "NOT ACCEPTABLE" },
{ 407, "PROXY AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED" },
{ 408, "REQUEST TIMEOUT" },
{ 409, "CONFLICT" },
{ 410, "GONE" },
{ 411, "LENGTH REQUIRED" },
{ 412, "PRECONDITION FAILED" },
{ 413, "PAYLOAD TOO LARGE" },
{ 414, "URI TOO LONG" },
{ 415, "UNSUPPORTED MEDIA TYPE" },
{ 416, "RANGE NOT SATISFIABLE" },
{ 417, "EXPECTATION FAILED" },
{ 418, "I'M A TEAPOT" },
{ 421, "MISDIRECTED REQUEST" },
{ 422, "UNPROCESSABLE ENTITY" },
{ 423, "LOCKED" },
{ 424, "FAILED DEPENDENCY" },
{ 426, "UPGRADE REQUIRED" },
{ 428, "PRECONDITION REQUIRED" },
{ 429, "TOO MANY REQUESTS" },
{ 431, "REQUEST HEADER FIELDS TOO LARGE" },
{ 451, "UNAVAILABLE FOR LEGAL REASONS" },
{ 500, "INTERNAL SERVER ERROR" },
{ 501, "NOT IMPLEMENTED" },
{ 502, "BAD GATEWAY" },
{ 503, "SERVICE UNAVAILABLE" },
{ 504, "GATEWAY TIMEOUT" },
{ 505, "HTTP VERSION NOT SUPPORTED" },
{ 506, "VARIANT ALSO NEGOTIATES" },
{ 507, "INSUFFICIENT STORAGE" },
{ 508, "LOOP DETECTED" },
{ 510, "NOT EXTENDED" },
{ 511, "NETWORK AUTHENTICATION REQUIRED" },
{ 420, "ENHANCE YOUR CALM" }
};
class name_value {
private:
string _name;
string _value;
protected:
name_value() {}
public:
name_value(string name, string value)
: _name(std::move(name))
, _value(std::move(value))
{
}
virtual ~name_value() = default;
name_value(const name_value &) = default;
name_value& operator =(name_value const&) = default;
name_value(name_value&&) = default;
name_value& operator = (name_value&&) = default;
string name() { return _name; }
string value() { return _value; }
virtual string to_string() { return ""; }
};
class http_header : public name_value {
public:
http_header()
: name_value()
{
}
http_header(string name, string value)
: name_value(name, value)
{
}
string to_string() override { return name() + ": " + value() + "\r\n"; }
};
class query_param : public name_value {
public:
query_param()
: name_value()
{
}
query_param(string name, string value)
: name_value(name, value)
{
}
string to_string() override { return name() + "=" + value(); }
};
enum http_version { HTTP_0_9,
HTTP_1_0,
HTTP_1_1,
HTTP_2_0,
HTTP_3_0 };
static std::unordered_map<std::string, http_version> const http_version_map = {
{ "HTTP/0.9", HTTP_0_9 },
{ "HTTP/1.0", HTTP_1_0 },
{ "HTTP/1.1", HTTP_1_1 },
{ "HTTP/2.0", HTTP_2_0 },
{ "HTTP/3.0", HTTP_3_0 }
};
static std::unordered_map<http_version, std::string> const http_reverse_version_map = {
{ HTTP_0_9, "HTTP/0.9" },
{ HTTP_1_0, "HTTP/1.0" },
{ HTTP_1_1, "HTTP/1.1" },
{ HTTP_2_0, "HTTP/2.0" },
{ HTTP_3_0, "HTTP/3.0" }
};
class http_request {
private:
enum parser_state { METHOD,
PATH,
QUERY_PARAM_NAME,
QUERY_PARAM_VALUE,
VERSION,
HEADER_NAME,
HEADER_VALUE,
BODY_CONTENT };
http_method _method;
http_version _http_version;
string _path;
string _client_ipaddr;
string _body_content;
unordered_map<string, http_header> _headers; // kinda goofy, whatever
unordered_map<string, query_param> _query_params; // kinda goofy, whatever
public:
http_request(anthracite_socket s)
: _path("")
{
string raw_data = s.recv_message(HTTP_HEADER_BYTES);
_client_ipaddr = s.get_client_ip();
parser_state state = METHOD;
string scratch = "";
string scratch_2 = "";
for (int i = 0; i < raw_data.length(); i++) {
switch (state) {
case METHOD: {
if (raw_data[i] == ' ') {
if (http_method_map.find(scratch) == http_method_map.end()) {
_method = http_method::UNKNOWN;
} else {
_method = http_method_map.find(scratch)->second;
}
scratch = "";
state = PATH;
} else {
scratch += raw_data[i];
}
} break;
case PATH: {
switch (raw_data[i]) {
case ' ':
state = VERSION;
break;
case '?':
state = QUERY_PARAM_NAME;
break;
default:
_path += raw_data[i];
break;
}
} break;
case QUERY_PARAM_NAME: {
if (raw_data[i] == ' ') {
scratch = "";
state = VERSION;
} else if (raw_data[i] == '=') {
state = QUERY_PARAM_VALUE;
} else {
scratch += raw_data[i];
}
} break;
case QUERY_PARAM_VALUE: {
if (raw_data[i] == ' ') {
_query_params[scratch] = query_param(scratch, scratch_2);
scratch = "";
scratch_2 = "";
state = VERSION;
} else if (raw_data[i] == '&') {
_query_params[scratch] = query_param(scratch, scratch_2);
scratch = "";
scratch_2 = "";
state = QUERY_PARAM_NAME;
} else {
scratch_2 += raw_data[i];
}
} break;
case VERSION: {
if (raw_data[i] == '\n') {
_http_version = http_version_map.find(scratch)->second;
scratch = "";
state = HEADER_NAME;
} else if (raw_data[i] != '\r') {
scratch += raw_data[i];
}
} break;
case HEADER_NAME: {
if (raw_data[i] == '\n') {
scratch = "";
scratch_2 = "";
state = BODY_CONTENT;
break;
} else if (raw_data[i] == ' ') {
scratch = "";
cout << "Error: Whitespace found in header name\n";
break;
} else if (raw_data[i] == ':') {
state = HEADER_VALUE;
i++;
} else {
scratch += raw_data[i];
}
} break;
case HEADER_VALUE: {
if (raw_data[i] == '\n') {
_headers[scratch] = http_header(scratch, scratch_2);
scratch = "";
scratch_2 = "";
state = HEADER_NAME;
} else if (raw_data[i] != '\r') {
scratch_2 += raw_data[i];
}
} break;
case BODY_CONTENT: {
_body_content += raw_data[i];
} break;
}
}
}
string path() { return _path; }
http_method method() { return _method; }
string client_ip() { return _client_ipaddr; }
string to_string()
{
string response = "";
response += http_reverse_method_map.find(_method)->second + " " + _path + "?";
for (auto qp : _query_params) {
response += qp.second.to_string() + "&";
}
response += " " + http_reverse_version_map.find(_http_version)->second + "\r\n";
for (auto header : _headers) {
response += header.second.to_string();
}
response += "\r\n";
response += _body_content;
return response;
}
};
class http_response {
private:
int _status_code;
string _content;
unordered_map<string, http_header> _headers; // kinda goofy, whatever
public:
http_response(string content, int status_code = 200)
: _content(std::move(content))
, _status_code(status_code)
{
}
int status_code() { return _status_code; }
void add_header(http_header header, bool override_existing = true)
{
if (override_existing || _headers.find(header.name()) == _headers.end()) {
_headers[header.name()] = header;
}
}
string to_string()
{
string response = "";
response += "HTTP/1.1 " + ::to_string(_status_code) + " " + http_status_map.find(_status_code)->second + "\r\n";
add_header(http_header("Content-Type", "text/html"), false);
add_header(http_header("Content-Length", ::to_string(_content.length())), false);
add_header(http_header("Server", "Anthracite/0.0.1"), false);
for (auto header : _headers) {
response += header.second.to_string();
}
response += "\r\n";
response += _content;
return response;
}
};

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#include "backends/file_backend.cpp"
#include <exception> #include <exception>
#include <fmt/core.h>
#include <fstream> #include <fstream>
#include <iostream> #include <iostream>
#include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/in.h>
@ -9,157 +11,37 @@
using namespace std; using namespace std;
class Socket { void log_request_an_response(http_request req, http_response resp);
private:
int server_socket;
int client_socket;
public: constexpr int default_port = 80;
Socket(int port, int max_queue = 10) {
struct sockaddr_in address;
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_port = htons(port);
address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
server_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); int main(int argc, char** argv)
int x = 1; {
setsockopt(server_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &x, sizeof(x)); int port_number = default_port;
bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address));
::listen(server_socket, max_queue); if (argc > 1) {
} port_number = atoi(argv[1]);
void wait_for_conn() { client_socket = accept(server_socket, NULL, NULL); }
void close_conn() {
close(client_socket);
client_socket = -1;
}
void send_message(string msg) {
if (client_socket == -1) {
return;
}
send(client_socket, &msg[0], msg.length(), 0);
}
string recv_message(int buffer_size = 1024) {
if (client_socket == -1) {
return "";
} }
char response[buffer_size + 1]; cout << "Initializing Anthracite\n";
recv(client_socket, response, sizeof(response), 0); anthracite_socket s(port_number);
response[buffer_size] = '\0'; cout << "Initialization Complete\n";
return string(response); cout << "Listening for HTTP connections on port " << port_number << "\n";
} file_backend fb;
};
enum http_method { GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, UNKNOWN }; while (true) {
static unordered_map<string, http_method> const http_method_map = { s.wait_for_conn();
{"GET", http_method::GET}}; http_request req(s);
http_response resp = fb.handle_request(req);
static unordered_map<int, string> const http_status_map = { log_request_an_response(req, resp);
{200, "OK"}, s.send_message(resp.to_string());
{404, "NOT FOUND"}, s.close_conn();
};
class http_request {
private:
http_method _method;
string _path;
public:
http_request(string raw_data) {
int state = 0;
string method = "";
for (int i = 0; i < raw_data.length() && state != 2; i++) {
if (raw_data[i] == ' ') {
state++;
continue;
}
if (state == 0) {
method += raw_data[i];
} else if (state == 1) {
_path += raw_data[i];
}
} }
if (http_method_map.find(method) == http_method_map.end()) { return 0;
_method = http_method::UNKNOWN; }
} else {
_method = http_method_map.find(method)->second; void log_request_an_response(http_request req, http_response resp)
} {
} cout << "[" << resp.status_code() << " " + http_status_map.find(resp.status_code())->second + "] " + req.client_ip() + " " + http_reverse_method_map.find(req.method())->second + " " + req.path() + "\n";
string path() { return _path; }
http_method method() { return _method; }
};
class http_response {
private:
int _status_code;
string _content;
public:
http_response(string content, int status_code = 200) {
_content = content;
_status_code = status_code;
}
string to_string() {
string response = "";
response += "HTTP/1.1 " + ::to_string(_status_code) + " " +
http_status_map.find(_status_code)->second + " \n";
response += "Content-Type: text/html\n";
response += "Content-Length: " + ::to_string(_content.length()) + "\n";
response += "Server: Anthracite/0.0.1\n\n";
response += _content;
return response;
}
};
int main() {
cout << "Initializing Server...\n";
Socket s(8099);
cout << "Initialized, Awaiting Connections...\n";
while (true) {
s.wait_for_conn();
cout << "Received Request...\n";
http_request req(s.recv_message(8190));
string response = "";
switch (req.method()) {
case http_method::GET: {
string filename = req.path() == "/" ? "index.html" : req.path();
filename = "./www/" + filename;
ifstream stream(filename);
int status = 200;
if (!stream.is_open()) {
status = 404;
filename = "./error_pages/404.html";
stream = ifstream(filename);
}
stringstream buffer;
buffer << stream.rdbuf();
http_response res(buffer.str(), status);
response = res.to_string();
} break;
default:
break;
}
cout << "Responding with: \n" << response << "\n";
s.send_message(response);
s.close_conn();
}
return 0;
} }

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#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <exception>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <unordered_map>
using namespace std;
class anthracite_socket {
private:
int server_socket;
int client_socket {};
string client_ip;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr {};
socklen_t client_addr_len {};
public:
anthracite_socket(int port, int max_queue = 10)
: server_socket(socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0))
, client_ip("")
{
struct sockaddr_in address {};
address.sin_family = AF_INET;
address.sin_port = htons(port);
address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
int x = 1;
setsockopt(server_socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &x, sizeof(x));
bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&address, sizeof(address));
::listen(server_socket, max_queue);
}
void wait_for_conn()
{
client_ip = "";
client_socket = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &client_addr_len);
char ip_str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_addr.sin_addr, ip_str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
client_ip = string(ip_str);
}
string get_client_ip()
{
return client_ip;
}
void close_conn()
{
close(client_socket);
client_socket = -1;
}
void send_message(string msg)
{
if (client_socket == -1) {
return;
}
send(client_socket, &msg[0], msg.length(), 0);
}
string recv_message(int buffer_size = 1024)
{
if (client_socket == -1) {
return "";
}
char response[buffer_size + 1];
recv(client_socket, response, sizeof(response), 0);
response[buffer_size] = '\0';
return string(response);
}
};